Formulas & How-To Guides
Step-by-step guides to the most important financial and mathematical formulas. Each guide includes the formula, variable explanations, worked examples, and a link to the full calculator.
How to Calculate Compound Interest
Compound Interest Formula
How to Calculate BMI (Body Mass Index)
BMI Formula (Metric)
How to Calculate SIP Returns
SIP Future Value Formula
How to Calculate EMI (Equated Monthly Installment)
EMI Formula
How to Calculate Percentages
Basic Percentage Formula
How to Calculate Mortgage Payments
Mortgage Payment Formula
How to Calculate GST
GST Calculation Formula
How to Calculate ROI (Return on Investment)
ROI Formula
How to Calculate Fixed Deposit (FD) Returns
FD Maturity Amount Formula (Compound Interest)
How to Calculate PPF Maturity Amount
PPF Maturity Formula (for annual deposits)
How to Calculate In-Hand Salary from CTC
Take-Home Salary Formula
How to Calculate Gratuity
Gratuity Formula (under Gratuity Act)
How to Calculate Income Tax
Income Tax Formula
How to Calculate Your Retirement Corpus
Retirement Corpus Formula
How to Calculate TDS
TDS Calculation Formula
How to Calculate NPS Returns & Pension
NPS Corpus Formula (monthly contribution)
How to Calculate Inflation & Future Value of Money
Inflation Impact Formula
How to Calculate SWP (Systematic Withdrawal Plan)
SWP Remaining Balance Formula
How to Calculate XIRR (Extended Internal Rate of Return)
XIRR Formula
How to Calculate Mutual Fund Returns
CAGR Formula (Lump Sum Returns)
How to Calculate Sales Tax
Sales Tax Formula
How to Calculate Stock Average Price
Weighted Average Price Formula
How to Calculate Simple Interest
Simple Interest Formula
How to Calculate Profit and Loss
Profit Percentage Formula
How to Calculate the Area of a Circle
Area of Circle Formula
Pythagoras Theorem — How to Calculate
Pythagorean Theorem
Speed, Distance, and Time Formula
Speed Formula
How to Calculate Percentage Increase
Percentage Increase Formula
How to Calculate Discount Price
Discount Formula
How to Calculate Average (Mean)
Average (Mean) Formula
Loan-to-Value (LTV) Ratio Formula
LTV Ratio Formula
How to Calculate CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate)
CAGR Formula
How to Calculate the Area of a Triangle
Triangle Area (Base-Height)
How to Calculate the Volume of a Cylinder
Cylinder Volume Formula
How to Calculate Depreciation
Straight-Line Depreciation
Rule of 72 — How Long to Double Your Money
Rule of 72
How to Calculate Rectangle Perimeter
Rectangle Perimeter
How to Calculate Rectangle Area
Rectangle Area Formula
How to Calculate Sphere Volume
Sphere Volume Formula
Quadratic Formula — How to Solve Quadratic Equations
Quadratic Formula
Slope Formula — How to Calculate Slope
Slope Formula
Present Value Formula
Present Value Formula
Break-Even Point Formula
Break-Even Formula
Net Profit Margin Formula
Net Profit Margin
WACC — Weighted Average Cost of Capital
WACC Formula
Debt-to-Equity Ratio Formula
Debt-to-Equity Ratio
P/E Ratio — How to Calculate and Use It
P/E Ratio Formula
Return on Equity (ROE) Formula
Return on Equity
BMI Formula — How to Calculate Body Mass Index
BMI Formula (Metric)
Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversion Formula
Celsius to Fahrenheit
Standard Deviation Formula
Population Standard Deviation
Probability Formula
Basic Probability Formula
Markup Formula — Calculate Selling Price from Cost
Markup Percentage Formula
How to Calculate Tip
Tip Formula
Fuel Efficiency Formula — Calculate Your Car's Mileage
Mileage Formula (km/L)
How to Calculate Electricity Bill
Electricity Units Formula
EMI Formula — Complete Derivation & Examples
EMI Formula (Reducing Balance)
Net Present Value (NPV) Formula
Net Present Value Formula
WACC — Weighted Average Cost of Capital
WACC Formula
P/E Ratio — Price to Earnings Formula
Price-to-Earnings Ratio
Dividend Yield Formula
Dividend Yield Formula
Break-Even Point Formula
Break-Even Point Formula
Markup vs Margin — Business Pricing Formulas
Markup and Margin Formulas
IRR — Internal Rate of Return Formula
Internal Rate of Return Formula
Payback Period Formula
Simple Payback Period
Present Value Formula — Time Value of Money
Present Value Formula
Annuity Formula — Regular Payments
Present Value of Annuity
Straight-Line Depreciation Formula
Straight-Line Depreciation
Effective Interest Rate Formula
Effective Annual Rate
Debt-to-Equity Ratio Formula
Debt-to-Equity Ratio
Current Ratio Formula — Short-Term Liquidity
Current Ratio Formula
ROE — Return on Equity Formula
Return on Equity
EPS — Earnings Per Share Formula
Earnings Per Share
Working Capital Formula
Net Working Capital
CAPM — Capital Asset Pricing Model
Capital Asset Pricing Model
EMI Prepayment — How Much Can You Save?
Prepayment Interest Savings
Weighted Average Formula
Weighted Average
Tax-Equivalent Yield Formula
Tax-Equivalent Yield
Loan Amortization Formula
Amortization Components
GDP Formula — Measuring Economic Output
GDP (Expenditure Approach)